Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are essentially a special type of diode because light-emitting diodes have very similar electrical characteristics to PN junction diodes. When current flows through a light-emitting diode (LED), the light-emitting diode (LED) allows the current to flow in the forward direction and prevents the current from flowing in the opposite direction.

Light-emitting diodes are made of a very thin but rather heavily doped semiconductor material. Depending on the Semiconductor 1 material and doping amount used, when forward biased, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emit colored light at specific spectral wavelengths. As shown in the figure below, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are encapsulated with transparent hoods so that light can be emitted.